Osteochondrosis is a condition in which a number of disorders in the joint cartilage of dystrophic nature are observed. Osteochondrosis can occur in different joints, but most often osteochondrosis affects the intervertebral discs. If we take into account the location of the disease, then osteochondrosis is customary to be divided into breasts, cervical, lumbar. Osteochondrosis is a disease that causes back pain in about 80% of cases. In the event of a complication of osteochondrosis, the hernia of the intervertebral discs sometimes occur in the head, limbs and other organs. The most common is lumbar osteochondrosis, which provokes leg pain. Many people complain about the manifestations of cervical osteochondrosis, in which the hands and head fight. In the chest form of the disease, the pain occurs in the internal organs.
The initial cause of osteochondrosis of the spine is the ease of a person. There are many different theories about the causes of osteochondrosis. Such, for example, are a predisposition of hereditary nature, injury and impairment of metabolic processes in the body. Determining the causes of this disease is complicated by the fact that the disease manifests itself in people of different ages, different physics and physical levels of development.
There is also a theory that the cause of osteochondrosis is the deposition of salts in the spine. However, experts claim that this is to some extent delusions. And it is the proper analysis of the causes of the disease that is the main effective treatment of the disease.
In osteochondrosis, the nature of the disease is not inflammatory, degenerative-dystrophic. In the course of the development of the disease, the nutrition of the tissues is disturbed, its structure is reborn. People who are constantly active physical activity have a more durable and elastic bone tissue. This is due to the fact that spinal discs in an adult of a person do not have their own vessels, therefore oxygen and nutrients in the disks come from the tissues that are located nearby. Such a process can only be complete in the case of active circulation, which is only possible in the process of constant intense muscle work.
Each intervertebral disc is two parts. In the center of the disk is a gelatin nucleus, which makes the disc elastic and surrounds its fibrous durable ring. If the food of the intervertebral discs becomes higher, then the structure of biopolymer compounds can be destroyed. Due to the decrease in moisture in the disk, it becomes fragile. And if the spine is overloaded, the jacket is divided into fragments. As a result, its elasticity is significantly reduced. Fibrous rings also lose strength. Such phenomena become the starting point for the manifestation of osteochondrosis in humans. The manifestation of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine is calcified by damaged discs, ligaments, capsules. Such a phenomenon is the last stage in the development of the disease.
Unfortunately, the reverse process after such changes in the spine is almost impossible. Therefore, the main task of treating osteochondrosis is to maintain a current position.
In general, the manifestations of osteochondrosis become more pronounced in humans after reaching thirty -five years. In addition, the more jewelry becomes a person, the more manifestations of the disease are observed. However, recently, with complaints of back pain, more and more young people are turning to doctors.
The causes of such early onset of osteochondrosis are mostly very poor physical activity, posture problems, and twisted spine, flat legs and obesity. To date, the main causes of osteochondrosis are considered as follows: The following:
In people with osteochondrosis, tangible back pain occurs in the first place. Sometimes such pain is accompanied by numbness, as well as the sensations of limb pain. If osteochondrosis therapy does not start on time, then the person quickly loses weight, he has atrophy of the limbs. With exercise and exercise, as well as in the process of lifting too heavy objects, in the process of sneezing and coughing, the pain can become more intensive. In the patient, osteochondrosis reduces the volume of movement, muscle cramps occur.
Cervical osteochondrosis is manifested due to the characteristics of the structure of the cervical spine. The vertebrae of the cervical region is a significantly smaller size than the vertebrae of another spine. Accordingly, cervical osteochondrosis is manifested due to constant strain on the neck. Symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis are expressed as follows: pain manifests in the hands, neck, shoulders, headache can occur. This type of disease is characterized by spinal artery syndrome. With the manifestation of this syndrome, one feels the presence of noise in his head, the "flies" flashes before his eyes and his head rotates. Multi -colored spots can arise in front of your eyes, in parallel a person experiences severe pulsating pain. The symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis sometimes resemble signs of angina, but the patient has no change in the heart in the study.
In patients with osteochondrosis of the chest spine, the patient experiences chest pain. The pain can be applied to the heart area as well as to other internal organs. The pain of lumbosacral spinal osteochondrosis feels the pain in the lower back, which can give the legs, sacrum, pelvic organs. Their nerve roots are affected, sensitivity is impaired, reflexes can reduce and hypotension can occur.
The specialist has established a preliminary diagnosis of osteochondrosis already during the initial examination of the patient. As a rule, a neuropathologist is checked. Usually, the patient comes with pain complaints as well as deformation or restriction of mobility. The patient's spine is done in an upright position, lying down and sitting, the doctor examines it both on the move and at rest. During the examination, the doctor necessarily pays attention to the posture of a person, the traits of his physics, the features of the spine, the relief of the muscles that are located near the spine. You can supplement the results of the patient's check with information on whether the deformity of the spine is where the pain is, as well as determine the degree of its intensity. In the process of sensation, the muscles to the spine are also determined, as muscle tone accompanies most diseases and injuries. In order to determine the amplitude of the movements of the different parts of the spine, bending possibilities are studied. Computed tomography, X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging is often used when diagnosing osteochondrosis. These methods allow you to understand what the level of spinal damage is to determine if there are hidden pathologies and to indicate the diagnosis. The doctor can determine what the therapy tactics are to choose to be the most effective tactic to be the highest efficient.
Treatment of cervical osteochondrosis, as well as other forms of the disease and their complications, is performed using conservative methods that aim to eliminate pain, restore the functions of cerebrospinal roots, and to prevent dystrophic phenomena in the structures of the spine.
If all conservative treatment methods do not lead to the right effect and have special indications for this, then patients are sometimes prescribed surgical methods for the treatment of osteochondrosis. The volume of surgery directly depends on how much influenced by the spine and the intense symptoms of the disease are intense. The severity of the disease also depends on the duration of therapy. As a rule, the active phase of treatment using conservative methods mainly occupies about 1-3 months. After the surgery, the patient recovers about one year. After conservative treatment, many patients with osteochondrosis have an increase in pain. It is a reaction of muscles and other treatment formations.
If the pain syndrome is too severe, it can be stopped relatively quickly using physiotherapy methods, medicines and the use of a complex of specially designed exercises for patients with osteochondrosis. It is important to take into account that an important factor that affects the effectiveness of treatment is the proper behavior of the patient, his adequate attitude to the need to adhere to the developed method of treatment. For this, perseverance, patience and desire to defeat the disease are important. It has been proven that the most effective is the conduct of conservative treatment and recovery after surgery in sanatoriums, as well as in medical centers that specialize in the treatment of this disease. In the presence of the necessary equipment, as well as qualified doctors, complex treatment will be the most effective and effective.
Complex therapy in the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis necessarily involves physiotherapy exercises, massage, physiotherapy, manual therapy, reflexology and use of drugs.
One of the most important methods of influencing the condition of the human musculoskeletal system is physiotherapy exercises. The patient regularly performs a certain amount of exercise, during which the decompression of the nerve roots, the correction of the muscle corset, the flexibility of the ligaments and the muscles increases. Special exercises for cervical osteochondrosis also allow us to guarantee an effective prevention of the more increasing development of the disease. The basic condition is the regularity of all exercises.
When using physiotherapy, osteochondrosis is treated with the help of physical factors - magnetic fields, low frequency, ultrasound and more. This technique allows you to reduce the period of rehabilitation after surgery, as well as to enhance the effects of various medicines. With the help of a massage, you can relieve muscle tension, improve blood flow and generally the strengthening effect.
Manual therapy is used to eliminate acute pain. This technique also allows you to adjust the stand. The pain is also relieved by eliminating the spine - the procedure performed on special equipment. With reflexology, the reflexogenic zones of the human body are exposed and can significantly improve the effects of other methods.
During the exacerbation of the disease, treatment is used with the help of medicines to eliminate inflammation, the pain is stopped, metabolic processes are activated. Medicines are administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
The most tangible treatment results are observed using several methods in the complex. However, in the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis and other forms of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe them.